An advertisement stated an establishment date of 1843. It began as John & Charles Ratcliff & Co, which by 1852 was involved in electro-plating in Arundel Street. Leader (1919)1 has outlined the early history of the firm, which involved the diffusion of ‘bright-plating’ technology in Birmingham from Elkington to Ratcliffe’s. Arthur Millward (see Millward, Hancock & Co) had transferred the technology to Ratcliffe; and when the latter established a Sheffield factory, Millward beca....